Type E botulinum toxin has been causing illness and death in fish eating birds of the Great Lakes.
Zebra and quagga mussels are invasive species introduced to the Great Lakes from ships. The invasive species have created conditions that encourage proliferation of Clostridium botulinum, the organism responsible for botulism
Type E botulism has been causing illness and death in fish eating birds of the Great Lakes. Loons, mergansers, grebes, gulls, and shore birds have been affected as well as fish.
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